If you want to set up a company,you will need money, and this is called capital.
Companies can raise it from banks, and this is called a loan. The loan must be paid back with interest, which is that amount of money you should pay to borrow money.
You can also raise capital if you issue shares or equities. These are certificates that represent units of ownership of a business.

The people who invest their money in shares are the shareholders and they own part of the company, and the capital they provide is called share capital.
Another way to borrow money is to issue bonds and people, whether they are individuals or institutions, buy bonds as investments which pay interest and are paid back at a fixed maturity date.

The money that you owe to others is called a debt. In accounting, the debts that companies have are called liabilities. They can be long-term (more than one year) and in this case they may be bonds; they can also be short-term (less than one year) and in this case they may be a debt the company has to pay to suppliers for purchasing goods or services, which will be paid for later on.

The money that you use for daily expenses necessary for the business is called working capital.